Instalasi & Konfigurasi Layanan Server Ubuntu
Panduan ini membantu Anda mengatur Ubuntu Server untuk administrasi jaringan dan aplikasi web secara bertahap.
1. 🔄 Update & Upgrade Sistem
sudo apt update -y
2. 🔐 OpenSSH Server
Untuk login ke server secara remote.
sudo apt install openssh-server -y
sudo systemctl status ssh
3. 🧱 UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall)
Mengatur lalu lintas jaringan.
sudo apt install ufw -y
sudo ufw default deny incoming
sudo ufw default allow outgoing
sudo ufw allow OpenSSH
sudo ufw enable
4. 🌐 Apache2 Web Server
Menjalankan server HTTP.
sudo apt install apache2 -y
sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'
Cek: http://IP-Server
5. 🐘 PHP (Untuk Web Server Dinamis)
sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql -y
echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" | sudo tee /var/www/html/info.php
Cek: http://IP-Server/info.php
6. 🐬 MySQL Server
sudo apt install mysql-server -y
sudo mysql_secure_installation
Membuat DB dan User:
CREATE DATABASE dbku;
CREATE USER 'userku'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwordku';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dbku.* TO 'userku'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
7. 🐍 Python & Pip
sudo apt install python3 python3-pip python3-venv -y
python3 --version
pip3 --version
Opsional:
python3 -m venv env
source env/bin/activate
8. 📡 Mosquitto MQTT Broker
sudo apt install mosquitto mosquitto-clients -y
sudo systemctl enable mosquitto
Konfigurasi:
sudo nano /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
Tambahkan:
allow_anonymous true
listener 1883
Restart:
sudo systemctl restart mosquitto
Tes:
mosquitto_sub -h localhost -t topikku &
mosquitto_pub -h localhost -t topikku -m "halo dari broker mqtt"
9. 🗂️ FTP Server (vsftpd)
sudo apt install vsftpd -y
sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
Ubah:
write_enable=YES
local_enable=YES
Restart:
sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
10. 📂 Samba (File Sharing)
sudo apt install samba -y
sudo mkdir -p /srv/sambashare
sudo chown nobody:nogroup /srv/sambashare
sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
Tambahkan:
[Shared]
path = /srv/sambashare
browseable = yes
read only = no
guest ok = yes
Restart:
sudo systemctl restart smbd
11. 🌐 DHCP Server
sudo apt install isc-dhcp-server -y
sudo nano /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
Contoh konfigurasi:
subnet 192.168.56.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.56.100 192.168.56.200;
option routers 192.168.56.1;
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;
}
Pilih interface:
sudo nano /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server
INTERFACESv4="enp0s3"
Restart:
sudo systemctl restart isc-dhcp-server
12. 🖥️ DNS Server (Bind9)
sudo apt install bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc -y
sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local
Contoh konfigurasi:
zone "example.local" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.example.local";
};
zone "56.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.192";
}
Restart:
sudo systemctl restart bind9
13. 🛡️ Fail2Ban
sudo apt install fail2ban -y
sudo cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
sudo nano /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
Aktifkan SSH:
[sshd]
enabled = true
Restart:
sudo systemctl restart fail2ban
14. 🛡️ Zerotier
curl -s https://install.zerotier.com | sudo bash
Jika ada GPG terinstall, Option yang lebih aman juga tersedia:
curl -s 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zerotier/ZeroTierOne/main/doc/contact%40zerotier.com.gpg' | gpg --import && \
if z=$(curl -s 'https://install.zerotier.com/' | gpg); then echo "$z" | sudo bash; fi
Setelah install, jangan lupa update package nya menggunakan apt / yum update.
Untuk cek apakah zerotier sudah terinstall di server, maka masukkan perintah berikut ini:
sudo zerotier-cli status
kemudian untuk konek ke dalam jaringan zerotier, maka masukkan perintah berikut ini:
sudo zerotier-cli join <NETWORK ID>
✅ Penutup
✅ Penutup
Dengan layanan di atas, server Anda siap:
Menyediakan web dan database dinamis
Mengatur komunikasi IoT
Berbagi file lintas sistem
Mengatur IP dan DNS lokal
Mengelola keamanan akses